X2CrNiMo17-12-2
The low-carbon version of 316; the core stainless grade for welded valves and piping in the process industry. Plate is usually produced dual-certified 1.4404/1.4401.
- Rp0.2 · MPa
- ≥ 220
- Rm · MPa
- 520–670
- TEMPERATURE
- −196 … +455 °C
- COST
Chemical composition
Cast analysis, %.
Mechanical properties
| STANDARD · CONDITION | Rp0.2 MPa | Rp1.0 MPa | Rm MPa | A % | KV J |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN 10088-2 · hot-rolled plate (P), t ≤ 75 mm | 220 | 260 | 520–670 | 45 | 60 (transverse) |
| EN 10088-3 · bar, t ≤ 160 mm | 200 | 235 | 500–700 | 40 | 100 |
| EN 10028-7 · −196 °C | 350 | 450 | ≥ 1200 | 35 | — |
| ASTM A240 · 316L | 170 | — | ≥ 485 | 40 | — |
Room temperature, solution annealed. Transverse specimen in plate.
Minimum Rp0.2 at elevated temperature
| EN · TEMPERATURE | 20 °C | 100 °C | 200 °C | 400 °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 MPa | 220 | 166 | 137 | 108 |
EN 10028-7 / EN 10088 values; the minimum proof strength used in pressure equipment design.
ASME B16.34 pressure-temperature ratings
| CLASS · bar | −29 … 38 °C | 100 °C | 200 °C | 300 °C | 400 °C | 500 °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 150 | 15.9 | 13.3 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 6.5 | — |
| Class 300 | 41.4 | 34.8 | 29.2 | 26.1 | 24.3 | — |
| Class 600 | 82.7 | 69.6 | 58.3 | 52.1 | 48.6 | — |
| Class 900 | 124.1 | 104.4 | 87.5 | 78.2 | 72.9 | — |
| Class 1500 | 206.8 | 173.9 | 145.8 | 130.3 | 121.5 | — |
| Class 2500 | 344.7 | 289.9 | 243.0 | 217.2 | 202.5 | — |
Standard class, bar. Material group: F304L/F316L. Greyed values are outside the material's service range (−196 … +455 °C). Flanged-end ratings end at 538 °C.
Service temperature
This is the limit of the material itself. A valve's service temperature is usually set by the seal and seat materials; product pages give it for each seal option.
Physical properties and heat treatment
- DENSITY
- 8.0 kg/dm³
- MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (20 °C)
- 200 GPa
- THERMAL EXPANSION (20–100 °C)
- 16.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K
- THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (20 °C)
- 15 W/m·K
- SPECIFIC HEAT (20 °C)
- 500 J/kg·K
- ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
- 0.75 µΩ·m
- MAGNETISM
- non-magnetic (solution annealed)
- CRITICAL PITTING TEMPERATURE, CPT (TYPICAL)
- 20 ± 2 °C
- HEAT TREATMENT
- Solution annealing 1070 ± 40 °C, rapid cooling.
Media suitability GENERAL TREND
Emsal assessment. The final choice is made from corrosion tables, taking concentration, temperature, chloride content and flow velocity into account.
Strengths and weaknesses
Strengths
- Resistant to intergranular corrosion after welding
- Markedly better chloride resistance than the 304 family
- Tough in cryogenic service
- Standard in food, pharmaceutical and chemical processes
Weaknesses
- Risk of pitting and crevice corrosion in warm seawater (PREN ≈ 24)
- Not used above 455 °C
- Stress corrosion cracking in chlorides (above 60 °C)
Manufacturing and use
- ECONOMY
- Medium; same price band as 316.
- MANUFACTURING METHODS
- Machining from plate and welded body · Forging (ASTM A182 F316L) · Pipe, elbow, flange
- TYPICAL VALVE PARTS
- Body · Disc · Stem · Welded pipe connections
Used in 5 Emsal products
- 001Wafer check valveBody
- 084Threaded high-pressure ball valveBody · Ball · Stem · Stop pin
- 310Metal bellows axial expansion jointBellows · Flange · Liner
- 311Rubber expansion jointFlange
- 356Magnetic level indicatorBody
Source: EN 10088-2 / -3. Values compiled and verified by Emsal Vana; for binding values, refer to the current edition of the standard and the material certificate.